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Add disorder paper8/7/2023 ![]() There is evidence that people with ADHD have limited abilities in the areas of self-reflection and self-evaluation. To address these problems, specific diagnostic measures for adults have been developed in recent years and guidelines for a precise diagnosis established. Particularly the diagnostic process in adulthood seems to present difficulties: symptoms of ADHD are more heterogeneous than in childhood and can overlap with comorbid disorders. Ĭoncerning the wide range of functional impairments and the high rate of comorbidity, an early and valid diagnosis of ADHD is important. Additionally, the disorder has consequences for the social environment of a patient, where notably family functioning is lower within families with members suffering from ADHD. Functional impairment often persists or even increases with age, especially with untreated ADHD. People with ADHD report long-term problems in education, at the work place, in family and social life, with leisure activities, and with organization. in social communication), lead to severe functional impairment in daily life. These symptoms, along with deficits in soft skills (e.g. ĪDHD is characterized by three core symptoms- inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity-and additional symptoms such as emotional symptoms. Often people also suffer from additional comorbid disorders such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance abuse and personality disorders. In adults, the prevalence rate worldwide is between 1% and 7%. Summarized/accredited data can be accessed by contacting the authors.įunding: The authors have no support or funding to report.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Īttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a severe developmental disorder, appearing in childhood and frequently persisting into adulthood. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedĭata Availability: Due to legal restrictions imposed by Ethikkommission Nordwest- und Zentralschweiz (EKNZ), public publication of individual datasets are forbidden. Received: JAccepted: OctoPublished: November 3, 2015Ĭopyright: © 2015 Mörstedt et al. Kobeissy, University of Florida, UNITED STATES Based on these results, the implications for the diagnostic process are that additional informant information is clearly necessary and helpful.Ĭitation: Mörstedt B, Corbisiero S, Bitto H, Stieglitz R-D (2015) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Adulthood: Concordance and Differences between Self- and Informant Perspectives on Symptoms and Functional Impairment. A close investigation found almost no influence of gender and relationship type on differences within perspectives. Examination of the consistency within a particular perspective showed that people with ADHD seemed to be unaware of the causal relation between ADHD symptoms and their impairments. Small to moderate concordance was found between self- and informant ratings, with females being slightly more concordant than males, particularly for ratings of problems with self-concept. For all participants, either parents or partners also rated ADHD symptoms and impairments. 114 people participated in this study, 77 with an ADHD diagnosis and 37 without a diagnosis. In this regard, two possible influencing factors (gender and relationship type) are also examined. The focus of this study is the concordance and differences between self- and informant ratings on ADHD symptoms and impairments. The levels of agreement range from low to high. Research into the relation between self- and informant ratings shows extremely heterogeneous results. Guidelines for the diagnostic process recommend the inclusion of additional informant ratings. ![]() In adulthood, the diagnostic process for ADHD is complicated: symptoms may overlap with comorbid disorders, and the onset and progression of the disorder must be reconstructed retrospectively. ![]() Particularly undiagnosed ADHD in adulthood has serious consequences. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a severe mental illness, associated with major impairment and a high comorbidity rate. ![]()
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